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Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
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Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. A variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, can cause pneumonia. Several different types of bacteria can cause pneumonia, including streptococcus pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae.

The different viruses that can cause pneumonia include respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), some common cold and flu viruses, and SARS-CoV-2. Fungal pneumonia is more common in people who have chronic health problems or weakened immune systems. Some of the types include pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and cryptococcus.

Pneumonia can range in seriousness from mild to life-threatening. It is most serious for infants and young children, people older than age 65, and people with health problems or weakened immune systems.

SYMPTOMS OF PNEUMONIA

The symptoms of pneumonia can range from mild to severe and include fever, chills, cough, usually with phlegm, shortness of breath, chest pain when you breathe or cough, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The symptoms can vary for different groups. Newborns and infants may not show any signs of the infection. Others may vomit and have a fever and cough. They might seem sick, with no energy, or be restless. Older adults and people who have serious illnesses or weak immune systems may have fewer and milder symptoms. They may even have a lower than normal temperature. Older adults who have pneumonia sometimes have sudden changes in mental awareness.

TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA

Treatment for pneumonia involves curing the infection and preventing complications. People who have community-acquired pneumonia usually can be treated at home with medication. Although most symptoms ease in a few days or weeks, the feeling of tiredness can persist for a month or more.

Specific treatments depend on the type and severity of your pneumonia, your age and your overall health. The options include antibiotics, cough medicine, and fever reducers. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial pneumonia. It may take time to identify the type of bacteria causing your pneumonia and to choose the best antibiotic to treat it. If your symptoms don’t improve, your doctor may recommend a different antibiotic. Cough medicine may be used to calm your cough so that you can rest. Because coughing helps loosen and move fluid from your lungs, it’s a good idea not to eliminate your cough completely. In addition, you should know that very few studies have looked at whether over-the-counter cough medicines lessen coughing caused by pneumonia. Fever reducers may be used as needed for fever and discomfort. These include drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and acetaminophen (Tylenol, others).

The table below includes the most commonly used ICD-10 codes for pneumonia:

ICD-10 Chapter Codes Code Description
1 A01.03 Typhoid pneumonia
1 A37.01 Whooping cough due to Bordetella pertussis with pneumonia
1 A37.11 Whooping cough due to Bordetella parapertussis with pneumonia
1 A37.81 Whooping cough due to other Bordetella species with pneumonia
1 A37.91 Whooping cough, unspecified species with pneumonia
1 A54.84 Gonococcal pneumonia
1 B01.2 Varicella pneumonia
1 B05.2 Measles complicated by pneumonia
10 J09.X1 Influenza due to identified novel influenza A virus with pneumonia
10 J11.00 Influenza due to unidentified influenza virus with unspecified type of pneumonia
10 J11.08 Influenza due to unidentified influenza virus with specified pneumonia
10 J12.0 Adenoviral pneumonia
10 J12.1 Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia
10 J12.2 Parainfluenza virus pneumonia
10 J12.3 Human metapneumovirus pneumonia
10 J12.81 Pneumonia due to SARS-associated coronavirus
10 J12.89 Other viral pneumonia (e.g. COVID-19)
10 J12.9 Viral pneumonia, unspecified
10 J13 Pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae
10 J14 Pneumonia due to Hemophilus influenzae
10 J15.0 Pneumonia due to Klebsiella pneumoniae
10 J15.1 Pneumonia due to Pseudomonas
10 J15.20 Pneumonia due to staphylococcus unspecified
10 J15.211 Pneumonia due to Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus
10 J15.212 Pneumonia due to Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
10 J15.29 Pneumonia due to other staphylococcus
10 J15.3 Pneumonia due to streptococcus, group B
10 J15.4 Pneumonia due to other streptococci
10 J15.5 Pneumonia due to Escherichia coli
10 J15.6 Pneumonia due to other Gram-negative bacteria
10 J15.7 Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae
10 J15.8 Pneumonia due to other specified bacteria
10 J15.9 Unspecified bacterial pneumonia
10 J16.0 Chlamydial pneumonia
10 J16.8 Pneumonia due to other specified infectious organisms
10 J17 Pneumonia in diseases classified elsewhere
10 J18.0 Bronchopneumonia, unspecified organism
10 J18.1 Lobar pneumonia, unspecified organism
10 J18.2 Hypostatic pneumonia, unspecified organism
10 J18.8 Other pneumonia, unspecified organism
10 J18.9 Pneumonia, unspecified organism
10 J84.111 Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, not otherwise specified
10 J84.114 Acute interstitial pneumonitis
10 J84.116 Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
10 J84.2 Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia
10 J85.1 Abscess of lung with pneumonia
10 J95.851 Ventilator-associated pneumonia
16 P23.0 Congenital pneumonia due to viral agent
16 P23.1 Congenital pneumonia due to Chlamydia
16 P23.2 Congenital pneumonia due to staphylococcus
16 P23.3 Congenital pneumonia due to streptococcus, group B
16 P23.4 Congenital pneumonia due to Escherichia coli
16 P23.5 Congenital pneumonia due to Pseudomonas
16 P23.6 Congenital pneumonia due to other bacterial agents
16 P23.8 Congenital pneumonia due to other organisms
16 P23.9 Congenital pneumonia, unspecified
21 Z87.01 Personal history of pneumonia (recurrent)

Author: Tonoya Ahmed

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